Co-existing mental and somatic conditions in Swedish children with the avoidant restrictive food intake disorder phenotype.

Background: Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a feeding and eating disorder, characterized by limited variety and/or quantity of food intake impacting physical health and psychosocial functioning. Children with ARFID often present with a range of psychiatric and somatic symptoms, and therefore consult various pediatric subspecialties; large-scale studies mapping comorbidities are however lacking. To characterize health care needs of people with ARFID, we systematically investigated ARFID-related mental and somatic conditions in 616 children with ARFID and >30,000 children without ARFID. Methods: In a Swedish twin cohort, we identified the ARFID phenotype in 6-12-year-old children based on parent-reports and register data. From >1,000 diagnostic ICD-codes, we specified mental and somatic conditions within/across ICD-chapters, number of distinct per-person diagnoses, and inpatient treatment days between birth and 18th birthday (90 outcomes). Hazard ratios (HR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were calculated. Findings: Relative risks of neurodevelopmental, gastrointestinal, endocrine/metabolic, respiratory, neurological, and allergic disorders were substantially increased in ARFID (e.g., autism HR[CI95%]=9.7[7.5-12.5], intellectual disability 10.3[7.6-13.9], gastroesophageal reflux disease 6.7[4.6-9.9], pituitary conditions 5.6[2.7-11.3], chronic lower respiratory diseases 4.9[2.4-10.1], epilepsy 5.8[4.1-8.2]). ARFID was not associated with elevated risks of autoimmune illnesses and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Children with ARFID had a significantly higher number of distinct mental diagnoses (IRR[CI95%]=4.7[4.0-5.4]) and longer duration of hospitalizations (IRR[CI95%]=5.5[1.7-17.6]) compared with children without ARFID. Children with ARFID were diagnosed earlier with a mental condition than children without ARFID. No sex-specific differences emerged. Interpretation: This study yields the broadest and most detailed evidence of co-existing mental and somatic conditions in the largest sample of children with ARFID to date. Findings suggest a complex pattern of health needs in youth with ARFID, underscoring the critical importance of attention to the illness across all pediatric specialties. Funding: Fredrik and Ingrid Thurings Foundation, Mental Health Foundation.

Oral Findings in Male Prisoners: A Systematic Review.

Background: Modern penitentiary systems attach great importance, at least in the area of formal and codified arrangements, to providing inmates with access to health care and rehabilitation. The aim of our study was to analyze the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS medical databases in order to search for and evaluate the available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult male prisoners. Methods: The following terms were used: prisoners or inmates; oral health, oral status; periodontal status, periodontal disease; oral hygiene; caries; mucosa; and saliva. The studies were screened based on their title and abstract according to the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcome) criteria. The research protocol was prepared on the basis of the 2020 PRISMA guidelines and was not registered. The available literature discussing the oral status and dental treatment needs of adult imprisoned patients was analyzed. The inclusion criteria were as follows: articles published in English between 1 January 2012 and 2022; articles discussing the oral cavity status of adult inmates over 18 years old (hard tissues, periodontal status, saliva, mucosa condition, or oral hygiene); articles with a full text available; and articles that were assessed as satisfactory according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: A total of 934 articles were identified, out of which 9 were included in the systematic review. Two articles discussed the oral condition of prisoners in Europe (Russia and Finland), four examined prisoners in Asia (three in India and one in Saudi Arabia), two examined prisoners in Africa (Nigeria), and one examined prisoners in the Americas (Brazil). Conclusions: The oral status of prisoners has been widely discussed in the available literature. Among inmates, a higher frequency of both caries and periodontal disease along with poorer oral hygiene were observed. It can be concluded that inmates should have access to specialized treatment from periodontists and endodontists.

Oral health status and behaviour among Kanikkaran tribes of Mundandhurai Hills in Tirunelveli district, Tamil Nadu.

Background: Kanikkaran are semi-nomadic tribes inhabiting Mundandhurai hills in Tamil Nadu. Their traditional method of maintaining oral health, seclusion, ignorance, and limited access to dental resources has led to their poor oral health situation. Thus, the present study is designed to assess the oral health status of the Kanikkaran tribals residing in Mundandhurai Hill of Tirunelveli district. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted among 907 Kanikkaran tribes in Mundandhurai hills. Mundandhurai Hills in Ambasamudram taluk of Tirunelveli district was selected by convenience method. World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form and its self-oral health assessment form (2013) were used. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using SPSS version 23.0. Result: There is a significant negative moderate correlation between age and dental caries (r = -0.752). There is a significantly high risk among tribes with the primary school of education and agriculture as an occupation for periodontal disease (OR = 3.48), premalignant lesion (OR = 2.52), and non-carious dental lesions (OR = 3.14). Males with primary school education and agriculture as occupation had a significantly higher consumption of sugar and use of tobacco (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Primary school of education with agriculture/labor as occupation had a high prevalence of DMFT, periodontitis, premalignant, and non-carious dental lesions. The results of the present study punctuate the necessity of raising awareness of the significance of good oral health through education and implementation of necessary dental services in Kanikkaran tribes.

Differences in the treatment needs of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies and their caregivers and differences in their physicians' awareness of those treatment needs according to the clinical department visited by the patients: a subanalysis of an observational survey study.

BACKGROUND: We investigated whether the treatment needs of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and their caregivers, along with their attending physicians' perception of those treatment needs, differ according to the clinical department visited by the patients. METHODS: This was a subanalysis of a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational survey study. Data from the main study were classified according to the clinical department visited by the patient: psychiatric group (P-group), geriatric internal medicine group (G-group), and neurology group (N-group). The treatment needs of patients and caregivers were defined as "the symptom that causes them the most distress", and the frequency of each answer was tabulated. RESULTS: This subanalysis included 134, 65, and 49 patient-caregiver pairs in the P-, G-, and N-groups, respectively. Statistically significant differences in patient background characteristics such as patient age; initial symptom domains; use of cholinesterase inhibitors, levodopa, antipsychotics, and Yokukansan; and total scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory-12, and Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Parts II and III were shown among the three subgroups. While there were no differences in patients' treatment needs among the subgroups, residual analysis showed that in the N-group, parkinsonism was more of a problem than other symptom domains (p = 0.001). There were significant differences in caregivers' treatment needs among the three subgroups (p < 0.001). The patient-physician concordance rates for the symptom domains that caused patients the most distress were: P-group, 42.9% (kappa coefficient [κ] = 0.264); G-group, 33.3% (κ = 0.135), and N-group, 67.6% (κ = 0.484). The caregiver-physician concordance rates for the symptom domains that caused the caregivers the most distress were: P-group, 54.8% (κ = 0.351), G-group, 50.0% (κ = 0.244), and N-group, 47.4% (κ = 0.170). CONCLUSION: This subanalysis revealed differences in the treatment needs of patients with DLB and their caregivers according to the clinical department they attended. There might be a lack of awareness of those treatment needs by the attending physicians, regardless of their specialty. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000041844.

National survey on management of spontaneous pneumothorax from emergency department to specialised treatment: room for improvement.

Introduction: Spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) affects both young, otherwise healthy individuals and older persons with known underlying pulmonary disease. Initial management possibilities are evolving and range from observation to chest tube insertion. SP guidelines suggest an individualized approach based on multiple factors such as symptoms, size of pneumothorax, comorbidity and patient preference. Aim: With this Danish national survey we aimed to map organization of care including involved specialties, treatment choice, training, and follow-up plans to identify aspects, and optimization of spontaneous pneumothorax management. Method: A survey developed by the national interest group for pleural medicine was sent to all departments of emergency medicine, thoracic surgery, respiratory medicine, and to relevant departments of abdominal or orthopaedic surgery. Results: The response rate was 75 % (47 of 65). Overall, 21% of responding departments had no guideline for SP management, which was provided by multiple specialties with marked heterogeneity in choice of treatment including tube size, management during admission, and referral procedure to follow-up. Few departments required procedure training, and nearly all of the responders called for improvements in management of pneumothorax. Conclusion: This survey suggests that SP management and care is delivered heterogeneously across Danish hospitals with marked difference between respiratory physicians, emergency physicians, general surgeons and thoracic surgeons. It is therefore likely that management is sub-optimal. There is a need for a common Danish SP guideline to ensure optimal treatment across involved specialties.

Dental Treatment Needs of Male Inmates in Relation to the Analysis of Medical Databases.

The worldwide incarceration rate per 100,000 people varies from 30 in India, 580 in Europe, to 750 in United States. The health of prisoners is of great concern. Research in many countries has shown poor oral health conditions among prisoners, particularly reflected in the high number of lost and untreated decayed teeth. The aim of our study was to evaluate the quality and range in dental procedures conducted on male prisoners, based on a retrospective analysis of medical history gathered at the Academic Center of Dentistry and Specialistic Medicine of Medical University of Silesia in Bytom for the period 2018-2021, and its correlation with the results obtained from the analysis of the Web of Science (WoS) and SCOPUS medical databases. Our research was carried out on the examined group, 86 men (mean age 31 years old), and a control group, 106 men (mean age 32 years old). The retrospective analysis of the medical history was performed. Results of our own research showed the values for decayed and missing teeth were significantly higher in the examined group while the values for the filled teeth component were significantly higher in the control group. The chance for the occurrence of the radices was 2.5 times higher in the examined group than in the control. The examined group was characterized by 3.6 times higher chance of no root canal treatment than the control group. The number of the endodontically treated teeth was significantly higher in the control group. The examined group was characterized by 4.2 higher probability for periapical lesion occurrence in teeth that were not endodontically treated. The number of teeth qualified for the endodontic treatment was significantly higher in the examined group, while the number of teeth qualified for the reendow treatment was significantly higher in the control group. The probability for the occurrence of both vertical and horizontal atrophy in the alveolar process was twice and three times higher in the examined than in the control group. In conclusion, the oral status of inmates is worse when compared to those who live in freedom, which is why there is a need to prepare a scheme to improve the condition of the stomatognathic system in prisoners.

An Alternative Technique for Topical Application of Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride (APF) Gel: A Two-Years Double-Blind Randomization Clinical Trial (RCT).

Background and Objectives: Dental caries is still a dramatic public health problem. The effectiveness of an alternative technique using acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel pH 3.5 was evaluated and compared with conventional treatments in reducing dental caries incidence. Materials and Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 180 children aged 4-11 years. Three groups were formed: NaF varnish (NaFV), APF in tray (APFt), and APF in toothbrush (APFtbru). Clinical examinations were performed using standardized criteria and the ICDAS Index was assessed. The Caries Treatment Needs Index (CTNI) was calculated. Dental examinations were conducted at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Results: At baseline, 16,719 dental surfaces were included, with 15,434 surfaces being sound. After 24 months, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed significant differences between the APFtbru group and the other two groups (p = 0.03). Cox regression analysis revealed that the surfaces treated with NaF varnish had the lowest survival rates (HR = 0.51 95%CI = 0.33/0.81). Occlusal surfaces had the lowest cumulative survival, while other tooth surfaces showed similar performance. Conclusions: The alternative technique of APF gel application with a toothbrush resulted in maintaining dental health over 24 months. This technique can be cost-effective and may offer advantages over traditional fluoride varnish application.

Oral health risk factors and overall dental treatment needs for incoming air force recruits.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if relationships exist between the total dental treatment needs of incoming Air Force recruits and non-clincal demographic and oral-health related factors. METHODS: Data from the 2018 Air Force Recruit Oral Health Study (ROHS) was used, an anonymized sample of 1330 AF recruits that included a comprehensive oral exam and survey collecting demographic and oral health behavior information. The primary outcome variable was the total number of dental treatment needs for recruits, and independent predictor variables included select socio-demographic factors and wellness behaviors. Along with descriptive statistics, a multivariable negative binomial regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between variables with a normalized weight making the final results representative of all incoming recruits. RESULTS: The final adjusted analysis showed that an incoming recruit's self-rated oral health, dental coverage prior to enlistment, need for a dental visit within the last 12 months, sugar intake, and tobacco use increased their risk for dental treatment needs. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to assess the relationship between specific risk indicators and increased dental treatment needs while adjusting other related covariates. Factors associated with dental treatment needs were identified that provide Air Force leaders with actionable information to directly improve recruit oral health and military readiness by identifying new airmen at the highest risk for excessive dental care needs while at basic military training.

Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs Among Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by periodic and repetitive partial or complete collapse of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in reduced ventilation (hypopnea) or absent ventilation (apnea). Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 100 adult OSA patients attending hospitals of Jodhpur and the dental clinic in Vyas Dental College and Hospital in Jodhpur city. The sample consisted of 65.0% males and 35.0% females, belonging to 18 years ≥60 years of age with a mean age of 47.61 ± 8.53. Results: In our study, we have used AHI for the assessment of OSA, the major significant association (P = 0.001) was seen between AHI and periodontitis. The finding suggest that the prevalence of periodontitis is greater among patient with OSA with almost 39 patients with AHI value between 11to15 having loss of attachment between 4 mm ≥8 mm. Conclusion: Obstructive sleep apnea is acting as a significant risk factor for major Dental diseases. The study concludes that there was a significant association found between oral health status and OSA patients.

Examining Correlates of Substance Use Treatment Needs for Adults Under Community Supervision.

Substance use among criminal justice-involved adults is a significant concern for the rehabilitation and reintegration into their communities. Few have examined broader associations with substance use among those in probation or parole (community supervision) using an assessment of risks and needs with a representative sample. Using an assessment based on risk-need-responsivity principles, this research applies negative binomial analyses to examine sociodemographic, criminal, and other problem-area correlates of substance use risks and needs among a statewide dataset of adults in community supervision. Results indicated that mental health risk/need was the strongest predictor of substance use risk/need. Other risk areas, including criminal thinking, employment/education, and the presence of delinquent associates (peers/family) were associated with substance use. Implications highlight the ongoing call to develop integrated models of care that treat co-occurring disorders among adults in supervision. Additionally, diversion-oriented efforts that prevent adults with complex treatment needs from reentering the justice system are discussed.

Prevalence, correlates and treatment needs of dental caries in patients attending a diabetic clinic in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a complex heterogeneous metabolic disorder known to lead to several pathogenic disorders, and has a bidirectional relationship with oral health conditions. This study aimed at estimating the prevalence, treatment needs and correlates of dental caries among adult patients attending a diabetic clinic in Uganda. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that used questionnaires to collect data on socio-demographic factors, diabetes history, oral health status, dental health care, dietary factors, lifestyle factors, and dental examination guided by the modified World Health Organization oral health questionnaire for adults. RESULTS: We enrolled 239 participants, prevalence of dental caries was 71.6%, treatment need was nearly 100%, and mean DMFT was 3.82 (SD = 5.46). Dental caries experience was associated with being widowed. CONCLUSION: We found a high prevalence of dental caries experience and large treatment need among our participants. We recommend integration of oral health care into routine diabetic services in rural sub Saharan Africa.

Sex differences in the characteristics of stimulant offenders with a history of substance use disorder treatment.

We analyzed the results of a nationwide questionnaire administered to 699 stimulant offenders and examined sex differences in the association between various psychosocial problems and treatment history for substance use disorder. Based on their attributes, we predominantly evaluated the treatment and support provided to women with substance use disorder. The rates of childhood (before the age of 18) traumatic experiences (physical, psychological, and sexual abuse and neglect) and lifetime intimate partner violence were significantly higher in women than in men. The history of treatment for substance use disorder was also significantly higher in women than in men, at 15.8% for men and 42.4% for women [χ2 (1) = 41.223, p < 0.001]. Logistic regression analysis was performed using the treatment history of substance use disorder as the dependent variable. The results showed that treatment history was significantly associated with the total drug abuse screening test-20 score and suicidal ideation in men and with survivors of child abuse and eating disorders in women. A comprehensive assessment is required for several issues, such as child abuse, domestic violence, trauma symptoms, eating disorders, and drug problems. Moreover, an integrated treatment for substance use disorder, trauma, and eating disorders is required for female stimulant offenders.

Association of Nationwide Water Fluoridation, changes in dental care legislation, and caries-related treatment needs: A 9-year record-based cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The implementation of Nationwide Water Fluoridation in Israel in 2002 led to a significant reduction in caries among children. However, this practice was discontinued in 2014 due to a change in legislation. In 2010, as part of the Israeli National Health Insurance Law, free dental care for children under 10 years of age was legislated. This policy was gradually extended to include adolescents under 18 years of age in 2018. We examined the association between these efforts and changes in the caries-related treatment needs of young adults over the course of two decades. METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed data on the need for dental restorations, root canal therapy, and extractions that were retrieved from dental records of 34,450 soldiers recruited into military service between 2012 and 2021. These data were cross-matched with the subjects' year of birth to determine whether the implementation of water fluoridation, dental care legislation, or both were associated with changes in the need for and provision of dental care. Sociodemographic data, including sex, age, socioeconomic cluster (SEC), intellectual capability score (ICS), body mass index, and place of birth, were also extracted. RESULTS: A multivariate generalized linear model (GLM) revealed that male sex, older age, low ICS, and low SEC were significant predictors for greater caries-related treatment needs (P < 0.001). Our findings indicated that subjects exposed to fluoridated water during their childhood had significantly lower rates of caries-related treatment, regardless of access to free dental care. CONCLUSION: Mandatory water fluoridation was associated with significantly lower caries-related treatment needs while national dental health legislation providing free dental care to children and adolescents was not. Therefore, we suggest that water fluoridation should be continued to maintain the observed reduction in treatment needs. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings provide support for the effectiveness of water fluoridation in preventing caries, whereas the impact of free dental care programs focused on clinical intervention remains to be determined.

Socioeconomic burden of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review.

Objective: The relationship between Socio-Economic Status (SES) and the factors that may play a role in orthodontic treatment demand and uptake have not been explored. Such information is needed for better planning of orthodontic services and to ensure that health care is provided equally among all social classes. The objective of this systematic review was to find out whether socioeconomic status affects the treatment needs of orthodontic patients. Methods: Literature search was done using Medical Subject Heading terms (MeSH) in PubMed, LIVIVO, Google Scholar, and EbscoHost from 1 January 1965 to 1 August 2021. All cross-sectional studies were included. Both male and female participants were included in the review. The quality of assessment for the included studies was evaluated independently by two reviewers using "The Jonna Briggs Institute" tool (JBI) for cross-section studies. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was modified and used for assessing the risk of bias and risk of summary. Results: A total of 704 articles were found. The relevant database searches were PubMed 259 articles, followed by EbscoHost 280, LIVIVO 145, and Google Scholar 20 articles. A final of 10 cross-sectional studies were included in the review. Conclusion: The reviewers found evidence that parents ultimately decide whether the child will undergo treatment, possibly depending on their financial situation.

The Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) Procedure for Population Groups and Individuals.

Because of their complex epidemiology and etiology, cervical abrasions usually manifest with concealing symptoms. The buccolingual dimension of the sore is considered the most important metric to rank the damage and evaluate its long-term prognosis. In this piece, we will break this down and offer the Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN), a simple grouping structure based on the clinical presentation of the sore that may be used to establish a basic, useful, treatment-based order. CAITN is the practical approach to routine screening and recording cervical abrasion lesions. The index provides epidemiologists, public health professionals, and practitioners with a practical means of assessing the treatment needs (TN) of cervical abrasion.

" he's going to be facing the same things that he faced prior to being locked up": perceptions of service needs for substance use disorders.

BACKGROUND: High rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) exist among justice-involved populations (i.e., persons incarcerated or recently released). SUD treatment is crucial for justice-involved populations as unmet treatment need increases reincarceration risk and impacts other behavioral health sequalae. A limited understanding of health needs (i.e. health literacy) can be one reason for unmet treatment needs. Social support is critical to seeking SUD treatment and post-incarceration outcomes. However, little is known about how social support partners understand and influence SUD service utilization among formerly incarcerated persons. METHODS: This mixed method, exploratory study utilized data from a larger study comprised of formerly incarcerated men (n = 57) and their selected social support partners (n = 57) to identify how social support partners understand the service needs of their loved ones recently released from prison who returned to the community with a diagnosis of a SUD. Qualitative data included 87 semi-structured interviews with the social support partners covering post-release experiences with their formerly incarcerated loved one. Univariates were conducted on the quantitative service utilization data and demographics to complement the qualitative data. RESULTS: Majority of the formerly incarcerated men identified as African American (91%) averaging 29 years of age (SD = 9.58). Most social support partners were a parent (49%). Qualitative analyses revealed that most social support partners avoided using or did not know the language to use regarding the formerly incarcerated person's SUD. Treatment needs were often attributed to focus on peer influences and spending more time at their residence/housing. Analyses did reveal that when treatment needs were recommended in the interviews, social support partners reported employment and education services to be most needed for the formerly incarcerated person. These findings align with the univariate analysis with their loved ones reporting employment (52%) and education (26%) as their most reported service utilized post-release, compared to only 4% using substance abuse treatment. CONCLUSION: Results provide preliminary evidence suggesting social support partners do influence the types of services accessed by formerly incarcerated persons with SUD. The findings of this study emphasize the need for psychoeducation during and after incarceration for individuals with SUDs and their social support partners.

Assessment of Cervical Abrasion, Dentin Hypersensitivity, and Its Treatment Needs Using the Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs Probe.

Objective This study was intended to compare the mean buccolingual measurement of abraded teeth with/without sensitivity. The hypothesis was that the suggested treatment approaches would be in agreement with that of the treatment needs (TN) elicited using the Cervical Abrasion Index of Treatment Needs (CAITN) probe and aid in the development of a prospective CAITN index for clinical/community studies of effective therapeutic measures. Materials and methods  A cross-sectional study was carried out on 30 individuals with a mean age of 48.4±12.54 years, comprising 840 teeth with/without cervical abrasion. The buccolingual measurement of each tooth was recorded using the CAITN probe. The response to air-blast was assessed by a short blast of one-second duration at a distance of 1 cm for each tooth. An endodontist was also asked to indicate the treatment methods used by him for the treatment of abrasions. His opinions regarding the TN were later compared with the data collected by an investigator. Results The mean buccolingual measurements of all the teeth were compared with the dentinal sensitivity using the independent t-test and were statistically highly significant. Furthermore, one-way analysis of variance disclosed that there was a statistically highly significant difference found for all the TN (p<0.01) such as none, preventive, basic, and advanced restorative TN followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests for multiple pair-wise comparisons. The running receiver operator characteristic curve discloses the best cut-off value of the buccolingual measurement to predict the various categories of TN of each tooth. As the area under the curve is more close to 1 (noticed in the majority of the teeth in the sample), the model predicts the TN more precisely based on the buccolingual measurements. Conclusion The present study enables a correct diagnosis of cervical abrasions and determines the various TN with the most appropriate restorative material. These baseline data help to design clinical studies that test relevant treatment and diagnostic strategies.

[Child and adolescent psychiatric and therapeutic treatment needs in care settings in the Lower Austrian industrial district. A survey of the demand situation]. / Kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischer und therapeutischer Behandlungsbedarf bei fremduntergebrachten Kindern und Jugendlichen. Eine Erhebung der Bedarfslage in Einrichtungen im NÖ Industrieviertel.

An increasing need for child and adolescent psychiatric care is clearly observed in recent years. The present study deals with 20 child and youth care facilities taking care of 439 children and adolescents, in the industrial district, in Lower Austria. The aim of the study is to evaluate treatment needs of this special group of patients. The care facilities reported that 270 children and adolescents (62%) show psychiatric problems. Of these, 220 (50.1%) are diagnosed with one or more psychiatric diagnoses, and 200 children and adolescents are receiving child and adolescent psychiatric treatment. Eleven care facilities reported the necessity for treatment in 80-100% of their accommodated children and adolescents. This results in highly stressful working conditions for professional psychosocial helpers and high treatment needs within their fosterlings. It is evident that more intensive networking and cooperation between institutions and helpers involved is necessary. Further, the development of new, low-threshold child and adolescent psychiatric services would be desirable to adequately meet the increasing need for psychiatric treatment in children and adolescents.

Assessment of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OML), Periodontal Health Conditions, and Unmet Dental Treatment Needs in the Rural Adult Population of Jharkhand, North India.

Background Dental diseases like caries, periodontal diseases, and oral mucosal lesions (OML) are common findings in rural adult populations that greatly impact their quality of life. Aim To assess OML, periodontal health conditions, and unmet dental treatment needs in the rural adult population in Jharkhand. Methodology A total of 700 permanent residents of Bero Block, Jharkhand, North India, in the age group of 35-44 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Both men and women were equally represented. Their socio-demographic characteristics and previous dental visits were collected using standardized proforma. An assessment of periodontal health conditions, OML, and unmet dental treatment needs was done using the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Proforma of 1997. Results It was found that over half (54.3%) of the study population had the adverse habit of smoking and chewing paan. Males were more likely to experience leukoplakia (18.87%), whereas females were more likely to experience abscesses (9.43%). The majority of males and females had a community periodontal index (CPI) score and loss of attachment (LOA) score greater than two, which indicated poor periodontal health as assessed by the periodontal index. Both males and females needed extraction of the diseased teeth as their primary treatment. Conclusion The rural adult population residing in the Bero block of Jharkhand showed poor periodontal health and high unmet dental treatment needs. These people need effective oral health promotion policies and dental health education to improve their oral health.